
Back in 2005 film critic Roger Ebert
weighed in on the "are games art?" discussion by declaring that games cannot be due to their interactive nature, and are thus stuck in the realm of mere craftsmanship.
Last month, game creator and horror novel author Clive Barker
(Undying) spoke at the second annual Hollywood and Games Summit (as covered by GameIndustry.biz), and he
addressed Ebert's comments, stating that the film critic had a prejudice against what games could be:
We can debate what art is, we can debate it forever. If the experience moves you in some way or another… Even if it moves your bowels… I think it is worthy of some serious study.
I think that Roger Ebert's problem is that he thinks you can't have art if there is that amount of malleability in the narrative. In other words, Shakespeare could not have written Romeo and Juliet as a game because it could have had a happy ending, you know?
Barker spoke about worrying about similar dismissal of his horror novels, because they too weren't seen as "art". Barker explained that escapism is the key:
Gaming is a great way to do what we as human beings need to do all the time - to take ourselves away from the oppressive facts of our lives and go somewhere where we have our own control.
We should be stretching the imaginations of our players and ourselves. Let's invent a world where the player gets to go through every emotional journey available. That is art. Offering that to people is art.
Ebert recently responded to Barker's comments on his
blog, and muddies the waters a bit by amending his stance to be that games cannot be "high" art:
Many experiences that move me in some way or another are not art. A year ago I lost the ability (temporarily, I hope) to speak. I was deeply moved by the experience. It was not art.
Ebert dismisses the idea of art presenting choices, asserting that if one is offered 'every emotional journey available', then each is individually devalued:
Art seeks to lead you to an inevitable conclusion, not a smorgasbord of choices.
He also took exception to Barker's assertion that art can be linked to escapism. Ebert does not believe that the two are linked by necessity. Great movies can be escapist, but escapism itself does not make "great" art. He also called Barker's desire for escapism as "spoken with the maturity of an honest and articulate 4-year old."
Finally, Ebert puts forth his criteria for accepting a video game as art:
I mentioned that a Campbell's soup could be art. I was imprecise. Actually, it is Andy Warhol's painting of the label that is art. Would Warhol have considered Clive Barker's video game 'Undying' as art? Certainly. He would have kept it in its shrink-wrapped box, placed it inside a Plexiglass display case, mounted it on a pedestal, and labeled it 'Video Game.'
Ars Technica writer Ben Kuchera examines Ebert's reply, and takes issue with the fact that Ebert seems willing to debate whether games can be art, but completely unwilling to step into the realm of gaming to see if his conclusions are well founded, citing gaming as a waste of time and "childish":
I've enjoyed reading the back and forth between Barker and Ebert because I enjoy conversation about art, especially as it pertains to games, but I get upset when Ebert can't be bothered to actually look at what's he's writing about, even topically. If he's going to have a stance on an issue, he needs to become informed about it. He has a large audience, and they deserve better.
CM: The "high/great" art comments only add to the confusion as to what Ebert would actually classify as art. Sometimes he states that games cannot be art, at other times, they cannot be "high" art. So can games be "art" but not "high art"? On the subject of a "smorgasborg" of choices, does that mean that games that are non-sandbox are "art" because they DO restrict the player to an "inevitable conclusion"?
- Reporting from Canada, GP Correspondent Colin "Jabrwock" McInnes
Comments
I have to agree that Aquaman was bad, but I can't say it's the worst game ever. Have you ever played Custer's Revenge?
I've spoken my piece and I've enjoyed your counter-arguments.
You were using much more conceptual definitions of good, true, and beautiful than I was. I like how you expanded and encapsulated the words we were dealing with to make your point.
I guess the only thing we won't agree on at all is the fine art v. pop art discussion. I still think that there is art for the now and art for the ages.
... And that discussion is also one for the ages that a couple of keyboard jockies won't sort out, but had a great intellectual discussion about.
Your mother is a h0m0!
OK... Now that that is out of my system.
Touche on the Bio Dome reference...
"My issue is that we seem to have moved from “I don’t know art but I know what I like,” to “I know what I like and what I like is art.” Just because something is moving to a person doesn’t make that thing art because that person isn’t that important."
You are right. This IS the core of the issue. That's why there is a difference between fine art and pop art.
Most games and movies would fall under the category of pop art: subjectively shallow with a mass appeal.
My original quote was not a definition of art. It was a condemnation of artists more than anything else, but it does bring to the forefront the idea that art is a shared experience of the artist and the viewer, albeit one separated by time. It also opines that this is necessary for anything to begin to be considered art.
Much as Whacko Jacko wants to use the classic Greek definition of art we must also consider that the ancient Greeks considered there to be only 4 elements: earth, air, water, and fire.
Obviously, that definition needs some revision. It is incomplete at best. If we decided to live in Mr. Thompson's static world, there would be no cars, planes, computers, or lawyers... Waitaminute... Would that last one be so bad?
Art is a fluid thing that leaves behind much concrete evidence of its existence. But its definition is constantly changing.
BTW... Thanks for keeping me honest here, Tom.
is weak. You know what Barker meant, Mr. Ebert.
Why are you using a quote from Heinlein that arrogantly claims that modern art isn't real art when you're trying to bolster the notion that a modern form of expression, considered not to be art by a largely irrelevant pop culture critic, is art?
You seem so convinced that nearly everything can be art and yet you attack art that requires you to "sit on your fat overpaid butt and search for metaphors in a static medium." According to your later implications couldn't that also be as valid a piece of art as is art that requires someone to sit on their fat, overpaid ass and search for shines in an interactive medium?
Craftsmanship and craftsmen are done a disservice by the adjective "mere." Most of the media and many of the items that populate our lives are the product of exceptional craftsmen rather then artists. There is nothing wrong with a well crafted object that is not art.
Disliking art does not mean that one does not believe something to be art anymore then someone being "rendered emotional" makes something art.
A game is not art because it is a game and it exists any more then a painting is art because it is a painting and it exists. That someone may endeavor to "create art" - to me that would be the height of arrogance - does not make the results of their toils art. Years of schooling and practice at fine art institutes does not result in the creation of art despite the protestations of those who spent time and money wishing it were so.
Ebert is wrong in his assertion that games cannot be art, however equally wrong are the assertions that all games are art. If all games are art, then wouldn't all movies be art? By extension, all creative endeavors would be art. At that point the notion of "art" will have been devalued so much that it would echo hollowly with no more potency then Heinlein's "pseudo-intellectual masturbation."
Video games art art, more than almost anything else in this world. How can a painting be art, but not the thousands of created images that exist in a video game?
I find video games to be of the highest art, in that they invoke emotion, and are open to interpretation. I don't understand his comment about true art taking you to one final conclusion. There is no fucking way that kandinski meant for his paintings to be interpreted in one way. They are open to interpretation, and I would think that is encouraged by the artist.
Ebert is a fucking idiot. A real imbecile. To think someone could use a good liver.
Video games art art, more than almost anything else in this world. How can a painting be art, but not the thousands of created images that exist in a video game?
I find video games to be of the highest art, in that they invoke emotion, and are open to interpretation. I don't understand his comment about true art taking you to one final conclusion. There is no fucking way that kandinsky meant for his paintings to be interpreted in one way. They are open to interpretation, and I would think that is encouraged by the artist.
Ebert is a fucking idiot. A real imbecile. To think someone could use a good liver.
I take issue with that statement and echo what Cell said. What is the conclusion of the Mona Lisa then?
Or any of the great masterpieces of portrait art? What was Monet getting at with all of those water lilies? What am I supposed to derive from Dali's mosquito-legged elephant? What about Picasso's cubism?
And how many movies exist that leave you with this uneasy question of who's right and who's wrong? The notion that everyone who sees a given movie must inevitably draw the same conclusion is not only horribly flawed, it is completely aloof.
"SHUT UP AND DO YOUR [censored] JOB!! YOU ARE GETTING PAID TO TELL OTHERS WHAT FILMS ARE GOOD AND NOT TO BE RUNNING YOUR [censored] MOUTH ABOUT WHAT YOU PERSONALLY THINK WHAT ART IS!!!"
Again, not that I need The likes of him to tell me what is good to watch.
- Warren Lewis
"Can you talk about the emotional impact of the T-rex revelation in the original Tomb Raider or how unit caps in Warcraft influenced RTS design, or discuss the pros and cons of voice acting in RPGs and how it affects the way the player connects with the characters? No? Then you’re the man in the street."
Brilliant, thank you for that. I've turned this issue around in my head in a million different ways and you definitely smacked one big nail right on the head with that comment.
As to the rest: the debate about what is and isn't "art" has been going on for ages. I always enjoyed debating the meaning and levels of art or the validity of critics and how their worldview effects their understanding until I took a master level history of criticism class. I fully appreciate the level of cultural understanding gained through knowledge of critical theory and history but in exploring the minutia of the field I couldn't help but be left with one question resonating in my skull: "what the hell is the point?"
Ebert is a movie reviewer who fancies himself a critic of popular culture. His status is based entirely on the value that we have assigned to movies coupled with our tradition of celebrity worship. The authority he assigns to his opinions and his sense of importance are completely manufactured. Movies really aren't that important.
The larger question of art is larger then anything I could hope to deal with in a blog comment. Suffice it to say that my opinions have changed dramatically over the years. The key, to me, is the separation between the "craftsman" and the "artist." I'm a reporter and a writer and so I consider myself a craftsman, not an artist. I have, in the past, been accused of being an "artist" even as I have been accused of creating "art." My arrogance is not so complete that I will embrace that moniker and I am no longer so forgiving that I will apply it unilaterally to anyone who shows a creative spark.
I have seen artistry in games and I have played games that are undoubtedly important but I would be hard pressed to proclaim any game, in and of itself, a "piece of art." That is not to say that they are not very important as avenues of expression or methods of personal exploration, only that my admittedly strict and amorphous criteria have not been met. I fully accept that games can be art, though.
People listen to him based on his celebrity and professional status and he demeans and cheats his audience by pontificating on a subject he literally knows nothing about.
and with that, I give you MY example of Games as "High Art":
Archive.org Curator's Choice Award:
http://www.archive.org/details/014900
I'm not really sure there's necessarily such a huge disconnect here. One only need look at Warhol's works to realize this. My main problem with Ebert's criticisms vis a vis games vs. "high art" is that he is judging the entire media form by genealogy as opposed to evaluating individual games on their own merits.
As the ruling in the landmark St. Louis arcade case pointed out, many forms of art go out of their way to be interactive. When Shakesphere introduced the witches in MacBeth, they became such popular characters that some believe he later added a new scene starring them. When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle killed off Sherlock Holmes, readers were so furious that he rewrote the book so that he didn't actually die. I don't need to explain the matter of the Star Wars Expanded Universe. If interactivity automatically negates the artistic value of something, why do so many works of art strive to become interactive (and sometimes succeed)?
Rodger Ebert may know his movies, but he clearly doesn't understand much else. And I think that's why he's saying what he is. His whole career centers around film. The last thing he wants is to see another medium overtake it.
I don't care about whether or not videogames are "art" because I am more concerned with if I like something or not than what label people put on it.
I think it far more interesting that while Ebert got tons and tons of feedback from gamers he remained adamant in his stance. When a famous writer said something about it he suddenly became a lot more reasonable. Elitist to the core.
or Riven...
or Exile...
OH, WORLD! WHAT HAST THOU COME TO?!
A film critic could talk all day about the use of lighting in a single scene and how a particular director's ability to break up narrative invented a whole new genre. Joe in the street would say it was a decent film but a bit boring near the end.
Can you talk about the emotional impact of the T-rex revelation in the original Tomb Raider or how unit caps in Warcraft influenced RTS design, or discuss the pros and cons of voice acting in RPGs and how it affects the way the player connects with the characters? No? Then you're the man in the street.
I'm amazed that someone involved in the movie industry can have such a closed mind, the whole purpose of Art is to create discussion, it's form and presentation are totally secondary.
He's not.
"Art" is a fluid concept and depends on who is interpreting it. Video games COULD be art-leaving the possibility that it IS for some and IS NOT for others. It is not "never" automatically. Stick to your movie reviews, Ebert.
What is the inevitable conclusion of the Mona Lisa?
Signed,
Cell
"When it comes down to it, critics really don’t know shit."
I agree, going a little OT, I remember when Shrek came out, and critics gave it low reviews. Yet, it was one of the most popular films that year. I know that because I worked at a Showcase Cinemas that was showing it for about half a year while most other movies were in theatres for about half as long at most. I can't even remember all of the movies that came out after Shrek that stopped showing before Shrek stopped.
I still trust his opinion on movies.
It's that simple.
Nightwing2000
NW2K Software
He misses the point. Art does offer many different emotional journeys, but it does not offer all the choices to each individual viewer. The viewer at best because of personality, mood, time of day, etc. is offered by art only a few emotional journeys per each viewing of the artwork (maybe sometimes limited to 1). That's why art is so important to return to later, as you find something different that hadn't been there before for you.
If art is something that inevitably leads to a singular conclusion, then why is so-called "high" art endlessly debated by experts and laymen? For e.g., from my previous post, the Mona Lisa. Some may look at it and conclude that "we’re all narcissistic bastards who look for ourselves in other people." Others may look at it and endlessly debate what her smile means.
For me the definition of art is fairly simple. Art is something that is created by one person or many people, to entertain, to provoke thought, to decorate, or just for the hell of it. Art is made for other people to enjoy, and not for the artist himself. (Ebert says that the experience of not being able to speak was emotionally provoking for him but it was not art. He is right, it was not art for him. But for others around him, for an audience, it would be art.) That is one thing that I believe is required for art.....an audience.
He reminds me of my English teachers who asked "what was the author thinking when he wrote this." (I wonder when the jets game is on today?).
And art does whatever, not lead to an inevitable conclusion. Raum put it the right way.
I sent him third-world farmer as an example of a game that should fit his definition.
or B) A fellow scouser and creator of many books and brilliant stories who has made a living being creative in many fields who also knows about games and so knows about the topic wich is being debated.
Ebert has his right to an opinion but i'll only respect it when he actually knows what he is talking about. Its the same with wacko jacko he has a bad opinion on games yet has shown time and again he is ignorant of the medium.
I reject his premise of choice prohibits high art. I can choose to interpret many works in many ways. I can't really think of games as high art yet myself, mainly because video games are new and still building themselves up. Look at artwork throughout human history, it has taken them a long time and through many versions to become what we know today as art.
I think another issue here is that games are commercially driven, and there is always a huge disconnect between commerce and art. I think this is an underlying prejudice that many of us (probably myself included) are guilty of.
Most of those games have an inevitable conclusion.
And by his definition, choose your own adventure books are not art
I find it especially humorous and hypocrtical when you consider this came from the same man who wrote Russ Meyer's Beyond The Valley of the Dolls and is proud of it to this day. If you've seen it, it's easy to dismiss it as a bad movie. Yet it's revered by many including film geeks like myself, and would go as far as to say that too is art.
Ebert has a track record for dismissing what he doesn't understand. Back in the day when he did Sneak Previews with Gene Siskel, I remember both of them panning many a Sci-Fi or Horror film which have since gone on to become classics. Also if you can find it, look for his essay called "Why Movies Audiences Aren't Safe Anymore" in which he tears apart now classics like the Friday the 13th, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, Halloween and Nightmare on Elm Street movies.
When it comes down to it, critics really don't know shit. The only difference between them and us is they get paid for their opinions.
Still, it does seem kind of odd to use a definition of art made by a society that believed half the things you see in a Fantasy RPG really DID exist....
"The ancient Greeks defined art as that which points the viewer of it to what is good, beautiful, or true."
Maybe the fact that they were an ancient civilization has something to do with that. Also, a source would be nice.
"That is the definition then, and that is the definition now."
Says who? YOU?
Who are YOU to decree what is art and what is not? How much discretion and eloquence have YOU shown in the past?
"Nobody shoots anybody in the face unless you're a hitman or a video gamer."
~
Jack Thompson
You like to quote Winston Churchill, who wasn't an artist so much as he was a diplomat. And yet you never quote Walt Whitman, Oscar Wilde, or Isaac Asimov; maybe that's because their works aren't exactly children skipping in fields of flowers.
"Maybe gamers should get an education before they start holding forth on these things."
The one who truly lacks an education, Jack, would be you.
Otherwise you would've learned Law School lesson 101: No Ad Hominem attacks.
However in mr.opininateds case saying music,pictures,movies are art and games (a combination of those 3)are not is just him being a moron.
I disagree on your supposition that our definition follows directly from the Greek tradition. As the world grew, Germanic and Russo influences changed the perception of art greatly as did, more recently Chinese, Japanese, and Middle Eastern schools of artistic thought. They heavily reshaped how we think about art.
I say that trying to hold to an outdated definition the Greeks came up with a couple of thousand years ago is absurdist fantasy on our resident attroney's part. The Greeks didn't use metaphor in their art like the Japanese did. They also didn't use graffiti to effect political change through art as the Mexicans did.
But... That definition does give us a place to start.
Good, beautiful, and true.
Let's start with true.
OK... Video games, even sports games, are fantasy / fiction / a lie. However you want to read it.
Many games point to themes of the importance of bravery in the face of adversity, the harsh reality of war (Haze looks awesome and well thought out, BTW), the importance of love / family, financial management, the fundamentals of commerce, or even that through inaction you are likely to be unable to avoid negative political change.
What is good? Good question.
I think that it's more important when you are directed to what is not good. When you have a choice to see what you could do about the truly evil.
Cecil from FFIV... I want to start with him. (With the rerelease of FFIV for DS being developed I thought him apropos)
He starts off as a dark knight. Someone who channels the forces of darkness for a corrupt king. He finds his redemption on Mt. Ordeals and searches for a way to end the reign of a king who is slaughtering innocents to expand his kingdom's power.
He fights for the little guy.
He embodies good.
We Love Katamari has you looking to refill the universe with stars and planets for the people of Earth. (Mostly cuz your father is a a tool, but I digress...)
To Kratos the gods of Olympus are petty and pretentious with no concern for each other or mankind. They are merely pawns to be played with. He wishes to change the course of his destiny and end the corruption of Olympus. He's an anti-hero looking to do good.
Yes... Most good in video games can be trite. But it's there.
Beautiful.
I'm going to mention two titles and end my contribution to the beauty discussion: Okami and Shadow of the Colossus.
Now... I think I've addressed the Greek definition fairly well, but what about the other things I've mentioned: use of metaphor and morality / political statements. Both have long been topics of art.
For morality and political statements, I will turn to the Metal Gear Solid series and the unreleased Haze.
Most people know what MGS is about so I won't go into detail, but Haze is going further than MGS. Haze shows a mercenary army that equips their soldiers not only with the best weapons and armor, but with a drug that enchances their abilities and also prevents them from seeing the effects of war. No blood, no dead bodies. While on the drug, they don't even have to deal with the psychological effects of war. The problem is the withdrawal is a killer.
It is more than a simple question of right and wrong, good and evil. It makes you think about the nature of war itself and how we treat our soldiers.
For creative use of metaphor, I'm stuck for a gaming reference (Lunch break at work isn't long enough for me to get all of this out), but look at Kabuki theatre versus traditional Greek plays and tell me the use of metaphor was anything close.
I'm going to give some ground by admitting that many games may not even be art. But, I'm sticking to my guns for their being a difference between fine and pop art and that most games would be pop art.
Fine art versus popular (or pop) art has been argued for many years by many people smarter than most of us here. But I maintain that there will be art that is created that will / can not be understood by everyone, but uses its medium in revolutionary ways and sends many a person on a journey of emotion and discovery that will effect them for a long time afterwards.
I think that pop art has a much more limited scope to its message and usually doesn't affect someone as deeply or for as long. Peanuts versus Pablo Picasso. Charlie Brown and his gang pointed us towards what is good and right and true, didn't they?
So did Picasso, but he made you look at things from a radically different perspective.
To me games are art. Why not? Everything that goes into them is art, story, image, animation, music, I would even go so far as to say that programming can be art. (I know I can't understand what i am looking at when viewing code but the results can be beautiful)
I think the essential problem Ebert has is interactivity. In my opinion, interactivity is the future of art. When someone can create something that allows someone else to play and rearrange it, but still maintains a message or a feeling, to me that is a piece of art that is apart from many other art forms.
Does that mean that all games are art? Not necessarily, they should strive for it, but no not all games are art. Just as not all paintings, music, or pictures are deemed art. Something that is created with a clear intent, a message, or a goal is art to me.
Roger Ebert, in his film criticism, operates under auteur theory.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur_theory
Briefly, auteur theory says that the director/producer of a film is the film's "author." As such, the film should be viewed as an expression of that one person. And while auteur theory has its critics, it still forms the basis of almost all film criticism to this day, much as John Maynard Keynes's theories form the basis of economic thought today. For example, the film adaptation of "Sin City" (2005) had three directors credited, and the Directors Guild of America had a kitten over this since Frank Miller had never directed a film before and the DGA generally frowns upon co-directors anyway. (Rodriguez resigned from the DGA rather than tolerate this.)
So Mr. Ebert's argument is that, since videogames (no matter how story-driven) are a user-driven medium, the director/producer is not really in control of the message or the experience. Likewise, this is why he might not see Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man 2" as high art, since Raimi was using Marvel's Spider-Man comics as the basis for the film and the film's many producers (including Stan Lee) no doubt had a great deal of input into the film. In other words, Raimi wasn't in control of the message or the experience - not really.
I am not saying that Mr. Ebert is correct in his assertion. In fact, I disagree with it entirely. I won't elaborate for the sake of brevity (this post has gone very long as it stands). Nevertheless, it is very important that, if you are going to argue with a venerated film critic like Mr. Ebert, you have to understand where he is coming from and be able to counter his argument.
My response was actually directed at our jackass attorney friend above, hence the evolution remark. As to Mr. Ebert, well, I don't listen to him anyways because I go to the movies for free, so I'm not losing out even if the movie is bad.
Where was it defined that we follow the Greek views of art in the first place?
"Maybe gamers should get an education before they start holding forth on these things."
What level of education do you want, Jacko? 20 years worth? 30? I'm only in college. With a scholarship. I guess being a gamer nullifies all those 12+ years of education in your eyes and i can't even read.
Get real.
If you would stop passing off the entire gaming community as a bunch of flunking emo 10-year-olds, maybe, just maybe, you might get a little more respect that you actually deserve. That is, if you also stop insulting everyone else who happens to disagree with you with infantile name-calling.
See the problem and the solution? Games like Mega Man can only have the art be considered art, not the actual games. However, those with a HUGE amount of depth can be considered art because they're like interactive plays, you merely play as one of the actors.
http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070721/COMME...
Here's a response from readers, including me:
http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070723/COMME...
You cite some very beautiful games in that list, and they are the sort of thing that come to mind whenever you think of artistic games. Here's a hypothesis though: "Games as art" tends to focus on similarity to other artforms. Okami would be less "arty" if it had a traditional graphics engine. I think gaming is worthy of a separate artform. Films aren't art simply because they're like books you can watch, after all.
Ico/Colossus are artistic more in the way they create a world and encourage you to explore and form your own feelings about what you see and do. That's pretty uncommon in other artforms. In Colossus, the existence of the stark landscape and hollow ambience is a statement backed up by the lack of a HUD. It is not the image of the landscape that makes it arty (even though it is rather pretty) nor is it its layout, but the landscape itself.
Here's an idea: Geometry Wars. Graphically simplistic, not a lot to write home about in the sound sense, zero storyline or character development, not really trying to make a statement about anything in particular. What it is however is a boiled-down look at that which makes our hobby unique: Gameplay. Action and reaction, risk and reward, the dissolution of the physical that kicks in during good sessions and causes your hands and controller to cease to exist; your ship moves through the neon cacophony at your direct control, you and the little white horseshoe acting as one.
Am I talking rubbish? Probably. Have more intelligent people than I already asked such a question? Certainly. But, oh dear, I seem to have been analysing the reasoning behind games and considering their effect on us, Curses. I've just validated gaming as an artform.
"Jubal, why isn't there stuff like this around where a person can see it?"
"Because the world has gone nutty and contemporary art always paints the spirit of its times. Rodin died about the time the world started flipping its lid. His successors noted the amazing things he had done with light and shadow and mass and composition and they copied that part. What they failed to see was that the master told stories that laid bare the human heart. They became contemptuous of painting or sculpture that told a stories — they dubbed such work 'literary.' They went all out for abstractions.
Jubal shrugged. "Abstract design is all right — for wall paper or linoleum. But art is the process of evoking pity and terror. What modern artists do is pseudo-intellectual masturbation. Creative art is intercourse, in which the artist renders emotional his audience. These laddies who won't deign to do that — or can't — lost the public." (Stranger in a Strange Land)
Art is an interactive process. It does not merely require you to sit on your fat overpaid butt and search for metaphors in a static medium. Video games can be the next truly great art form. Loathe as I am to admit it, the tripe from Rockstar is art.
Not all art is for everyone. GTA proves this point.
Not everyone loves Beethoven. Some think Pablo Picasso was a half blind, epileptic hack. Not everyone will see the retelling of classic Greek myths through the eyes of a half-mad Spartan as a valid form of expression.
Yes there is "mere craftsmanship" involved, but someone out there will be "rendered emotional" on some level by each of these things.
Video games reflect the spirit of our times. Embrace them as a new art form and understand that someone out there will decry their existence as has happened to every other form.
I mean that a lot of people are close-minded. They develop their categorical thinking (like "art", "not art", "good", "bad") by the time they reach their twenties, not moving a bit afterwards.
And a chance of adding another "item" into one of these categories is pretty much close to a firm zero.
The only sources I've found talk about the good beautiful AND true. Various sources vaguely attribute it Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, or Kant.
If Aristotle, Plato, or Socrates said it then you should go look up what they meant by art. It had a lot more to do with things like "industrial arts" than it does "fine arts."
Roger Ebert is clearly a MOVIE critic. So he has NO validity whatsoever about whether Games are art or not. That's like asking a NOVEL writer about whether movies can be art or not.
Hideo Kojima however, while he shares a similar view, at least he has more validity, especially since he WORKS at said industry. Not that I agree with him, but he has more credibility than Roger Ebert when it comes to games
I will agree that people have different opinions on what is and is not art and I will also agree that the term is so amorphous that it defies any concrete classification. I am firmly of the opinion, though, that to render an audience emotional does not immediately make something art.
I don't think that to say that what for someone else is a beautiful experience is not art belittles that person or their sensibilities. Some people feel that Bio Dome was a beautiful comedic experience that rendered them emotional. If I were then to say something of the effect of "that may be so but Bio Dome isn't a work of art" would that be belittling them? If something is a "beautiful experience" for me - I think Mom and Dad Save The World is one of the funniest movies I've ever seen, for example - I am quite happy accepting that experience on exactly those terms. Calling something a work of art, on the other hand, elevates it to a different level and not everything - moving though it may be - deserves to be on that level.
My issue is that we seem to have moved from "I don't know art but I know what I like," to "I know what I like and what I like is art." Just because something is moving to a person doesn't make that thing art because that person isn't that important.
I'm aware of the exclusionary artistic movements of the 60's but that mentality has always been present in creative expression. There is always an elitism and a desire by certain people to raise themselves above the crowd in whatever way they can. The difference is that the 60's movement occurred simultaneously with the beginning of mass media giving them a much wider audience then ever would have happened in the past.
End of arguement, and now we can all go to bed.
Exactly. And even war in general, whether "simulated" or real can be, and has been, viewed as "art" as well. Hence, The Art of War.
Nightwng2000
NW2K Software
you could not have picked a worse example.
Chess is not "simply a reasonably well-balanced set of gameplay mechanics" it is a particularly accurate analogy of war.
Consider the King: "Anyone who has managed a large organization or is a student of history will have given a wry smile at the king's place in Chess. He is incredibly powerful, moving in any direction... but slowly, slowly. He can only be defeated indirectly, by restricting his freedom of action." -Game rules as art, The Escapist Issue 41
We already have been doing that for decades, though we don't specify the judgements as being towards "art".
The Oscars is one of many prime examples. We tear down the overall piece (single movies) and judge them on their various forms of "art". Audio, music, video production, performance by stars, directorship, etc. And then, to top it off, we judge the overall piece.
Written material and paintings aren't as easy to tear down into various art forms.
We can, however, still tear down orchestrated music because we can judge written composition as well as the skill of the person playing the piece.
I know the discussion came up some time back in another article, but I'd like to see an awards show for video/computer games much like the Oscars. Not only broken down by genres but by the various art forms within games themselves.
Nightwng2000
NW2K Software
I hope I'll never see art judged by the Media it is presented on, we've been painting on cave walls for millions of years.
As for using forms from other Media, the Pop Video is common phenomena, even using music to tell short stories, e.g. 'Thriller' by MJ, which is, in essence, a 4 minute long musical using, at the time, modern visual media techniques. Media has always borrowed from other parts of itself, that's part of how it grows. Even Warhole, as mentioned at the start of this item, didn't MAKE half the stuff he did pictures of, he just borrowed them from other places, but the way he presented it was considered artistic.
The whole unique thing about Computer Games is the very thing that makes them seperate from other forms of Media, Warhole specialised in presenting things in a different way, I personally think he would have looked very favourably on the possibilities within Computer Media and Games.
In my office building, there's a wall with a nice painting on it. The painting is art. Does that make the wall itself art? If you were to film a Harry Potter novel in the sense of pointing a camera at it and flipping the pages at such a speed the audience could read it, would that be a great Harry Potter movie? After all, it contains everything that made the book great.
If video games are to be an artform, the art would have to be inherent to the game design itself, not just using art assets from other media. After all, we've all seen crappy movies with great soundtracks. Or for that matter, played games with good graphics or great music that failed as games. The inclusion of other media is irrelevant to the artistic status of another medium.
Whilst a computer game is an interactive thing, there are rails within the game the player MUST traverse, you can't for example, walk up to a pinball machine in Duke Nukem and suddenly turn the game into a pinball game, things aren't THAT interactive, at least not yet, so there is always a storyline that the player is travelling along in one way or another, that's what is being missed by a lot of critics, the important part isn't the ending, even movie directors know that, what keeps people rivetted is how the hero, heroine, anti-hero etc GET from the beginning to the end, how and why they are doing it etc.
Oblivion is a good example, a simple quest to retrieve a ring that has fallen down a well turns into one of the biggest sub-quests in the game and leads to you achieving a position of importance in the game, it's not dissimilar to a very large number of old stories in contents AND context. So why should, for example, the story of Aladdin be considered Artistic because you must sit and experience it from outside, whilst the story in Oblivion isn't art because you are within it, experiencing it from the inside, people probably made judgements about Aladdins' activities just as they make judgements about their own choices in Oblivion, the difference is, in Aladdin there's only one route to the end, and it takes that route every time, computer games are more freeform, there are several routes, that, to me makes the story more artistic, not less, because now the Art is truly defining itself to the viewer on a personal level.
I'm not suggesting that we hold to it however it is important that we are aware of it and consider it because our tradition does follow from the Greek tradition. Art has developed and advanced over the ensuing two millennium but the Greek tradition was the starting point. That Jack Thompson, Attorney (your right, wouldn't want him targeting his *snicker*intellectat me for not writing his name properly) has reminded us of an important part of our artistic tradition doesn't make the message ipso facto wrong.
In a nutshell: he's got a point on that topic, but he's still an ass.
One thing: you said, "look at Kabuki theatre versus traditional Greek plays and tell me the use of metaphor was anything close." I did a little research on that just to make sure, but I'd have to say that you're wrong. The relatively few Greek plays we have access to extensively use metaphor throughout. In fact, metaphor has long been a very important part of Western literary and artistic tradition. Kabuki theater does use metaphor extensively but it is also a much younger theatrical tradition that was built upon extensive existing tradition and has been allowed to develop itself for hundreds of years. If put a Nissan 350ZX up against a Datsun 280Z the former will win every time but the 280 is still based on the same concepts. Catch the use of metaphor there :)
As far as graffiti is concerned, well take a look at this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Graffiti_politique_de_Pompei.jpg
Political graffiti has been used since ancient times, it's the just the tools and implementation that has changed.
All I'm saying is that it seems as though you're attacking the Greek tradition because Jack Thompson, Asshole Attorney mentioned it without considering that the Greek tradition is important and worth being aware of even as you consider how art has evolved over thousands of years.
As to the definition itself, I agree with you on every point except "good," but that's only because I think that you're looking at "good" from the wrong perspective. It doesn't necessarily mean "morally good," rather it could mean "practically good," as in, "that's a good cup of coffee," "he's a good writer," or "I bet she gives great helmet." When you see a bad movie it doesn't offend your moral sensibilities but your aesthetic sensibilities.
Truth suggests that you're looking at a something with intellectual honesty and you're willing to accept what you see even though you might not like it. It also implies that you're examining some of the more difficult topics in the quest for truth. It suggests a scholarly tradition.
Beauty is the most difficult to define of the three aspects of Greek tradition because it refers to aesthetics. There are, of course, theories that exist to define beauty in aesthetics through forms, lines, angles, symmetries, etc. that people respond to but that is a very fluid and amorphous subject.
When you consider it like this, the Greek tradition is saying that art requires craft in being good, intellect in being true and aesthetics in being beautiful. Any item that exhibits one or two of those qualities would be excellent but it would not be art.
To use a modern example consider Katamari Damacy according to the strictures of the Greek tradition. It is undeniably good in the way that it is constructed. Aesthetically it could be called beautiful and I will grant that it passes the beauty "test." The thing is that it wouldn't pass the intellectual, or "truth," test. Yes it is an indelible piece of popular culture and it's one of my favorite games but it's not art.
Shadow of the Colossus makes a much better case in that it is very "good," it exhibits "beauty" and it exposes "truth."
I still don't think that there's any reason to differentiate between pop art and fine art. If something is art then it is art. To divide between "fine" and "pop" really is to suggest that some things are art "for now" but some things are "just art." Why make that distinction?
Why be concerned with whether something would have been considered art 200 years ago and whether it will be considered art 200 years in the future? You may be saying, "then why the hell did you go on about the Greek tradition?" That's because the context in which the understanding is reached can be as important as the understanding itself. What is considered "good," "true," "beautiful" today may well be different then two centuries in the past but the value of intellect, craft and aesthetics as concepts remains constant.
"But I maintain that there will be art that is created that will / can not be understood by everyone, but uses its medium in revolutionary ways and sends many a person on a journey of emotion and discovery that will effect them for a long time afterwards."
Yes, I agree with that entirely but being revolutionary and "sending a person on a journey of emotion and discovery that will effect them for a long time afterwards" does not make something art.
We live in an emotional time where what people feel is considered to be of greatest importance. The general consensus is that if somebody "feels" something we shouldn't dare disparage it because... well, I don't really know why. The thing is, though, that notion is bullshit. Not to disparage anyone's feelings but there needs to be some justification if other people are to be expected to consider them valid. If, for example, you say that Aquaman moved you emotionally and then tell me that it should be art because of that I have every right to tell you to justify why you were so effected by what is generally considered The Worst Game, Ever.
A video game contains multiple art forms.
A non-interactive cutscene contains audio and visual art forms.
The playable section of the game contains audio and visual art forms.
The overall game (containing both interactive and non-interactive portions of the game) include the art of storytelling.
Perhaps one would even say the design of the controls for gameplay may even be an art form as much as the movements of dance or martial arts can be considered an art form. (Perhaps that's a little deep, but have you ever felt that smooth movement and transition from one movement to the next might be better "art" than clunky or haphazard movements?
Nightwng2000
NW2K Software
Color me unsurprised.
The problem is that the aspects of video games that are artistic are the ones that are wholly unrelated to gameplay mechanics. It boils down to a similar situation to how a chess set could be considered art, but the game of chess itself is simply a reasonably well-balanced set of gameplay mechanics.
To simply say that because they are joined together by a program means that all of a sudden all that work ISN'T art is ridiculous.
It's like the architecture on St Pauls Cathedral, it's beautiful, but it does something useful other than just sit in a museum.
I just spent tonights Brain Points on an altogether too long comment about the RE/racism debate so I'm not exactly primed for a massive response - forgive me that :)
"That’s why there is a difference between fine art and pop art.
Most games and movies would fall under the category of pop art: subjectively shallow with a mass appeal."
See, I don't really see there being a difference between "fine art" and "pop art." I look at popular culture as just that and I accept aspects of popular culture as art. Plenty of "fine art" is not art - rather it is pretention and arrogance in a more easily consumable form. Why talk to a pretentious asshole when you can just have hang his painting on the wall? By the way, it's upside down.
I completely agree that a shared experience is vital to art and expression in general. It's simple - expression is only valid when it's intended as a part of a dialog. If it's not a dialog then the expression is just someone yelling *cough*JACK THOMPSON!!!!*cough*
Pardon me, I meant to say, "It it's not a dialog then the expression is just someone yelling biased lunacy while covering their ears and cowering from any rational, well-formed responses like your friend and mine, Jack Thompson." This damned cough...
The Greek deficiency regarding physical science don't necessarily translate to deficiencies regarding their philosophical understandings of art. Considering that our artistic tradition follows directly from the Greek tradition it is important for us to be aware of their concepts. It's just distasteful when that information is imparted by a snickering Florida massacre-chaser.
The reference to modern artists was written in th 60's. There was a movement in the modern art community that could only be described as exclusionary. Artists went out of their way to make pieces that people couldn't understand or made no sense to the average viewer. They would often declare the people who didn't understand their absurdity boorish or just plain stupid if they couldn't comprehend their "vision."
Obviously, that doesn't apply here.
Video game makers go out of their way to make their stories make sense. They try an be inclusive in their approach to making games to insure the public's active participation.
"The ancient Greeks defined art as that which points the viewer of it to what is good, beautiful, or true. That is the definition then, and that is the definition now. Maybe gamers should get an education before they start holding forth on these things."
You know in that interview you told us to google that and guess what, we did. And we can't find a source for it. Care to enlighten us jacko?
regardless from the class I relised that if you go out and say X is art you have probably been proven wrong by a philosopher.
in closing are paintings art? are models art? are words art? are preformance pieces art? are pictures art? are sounds art? is emotion art? are movies art? are games art? are buildings art? is art temporary? is art eternal? does art change? is art unchanging? can you touch art?
Fire & Brimstone (polite referance to something else) if im going to try to awnser those questions after all some of the best minds the world round are still stuck on the big question "what is art?" as a critic I expected Mr Ebert to know far better then to proclame what art is or what is not art.
No... I do not like Roger Ebert's comments. My point (and Heinlein's) was that the emotional relationship between the artist and the participant must be present for something to be considered art.
Read the last two sentences.
"Creative art is intercourse, in which the artist renders emotional his audience. These laddies who won’t deign to do that — or can’t — lost the public.”
Anytime an artist (be they a painter, musician, or game design team) can "render emotional" their audience it is art. Even a Velvet Elvis or Aquaman.
Conversely, what is art to one person might have no effect on someone else. That other person might decry its existence as obscenity and demand that it be removed from the public's eye. *cough* JACK THOMPSON, ATTORNEY*cough*
Until we start ignoring the screaming few from the extreme ends of the spectrum, we'll have vitriolic arguments which degenerate into nothing more than childish personal attacks. *cough* JACK THOMPSON, ATTORNEY*cough*
"Mere craftsmanship" were Ebert's choice of words. I worked for a craftsman for a few years. He made wooden furniture using only hand tools and techniques that a hundreds of years old. His final results were art.
Art requires mastery of your craft.
I consider God of War, Shadow of the Colossus, and Final Fantasy IV to be art. They engaged me in a way few movies ever have and told an engaging story that made me actually care about what became of them. They have much in common with many of my favorite novels.
I never claim that all games are art. I merely claim that any game can be art in someone's eyes. Same with movies... and books... and paintings. It is the perception of the audience. Nero would probably consider snuff films and Hustler to be art. (He was one sick puppy.)
John Coltrane's days of doing free jazz inspired many, but cost him many listeners because they couldn't abide the seeming lack of structure. Is it any less art?
I guess my main point is that making sweeping generalizations about the definitions of art that you expect to hold true for everyone is pointless and belittles what for someone else can be a beautiful experience. Art is what each person makes of it.
Now you can put art into genres or movements.
Video games are Interactive Art. All games are art even Space WARS and Pong.
Ask your self not 'is this art?' but rather 'do I like this art?' because art is created by the artist not the viewer.
Looks like you flunked reality school...again.
Irony has always been one of Jack's weakpoints, seeing as how nearly everything he's said has come back and bit him in the ass.
Why oh why must supposed men of intelligence stoop to these patronising insults?
I'm an artist.
I went to school for and majored in media arts, specifically being art involving photography and videography. I've studied art in all its forms, through all its great periods, dating as far back as you can imagine, I own a degree in my field, I'll be attending grad school to focus on my photography in the spring, I've been given my own solo exhibitions, and I've sold copies of my work; so yeah, I'm a pretty damn good source to determine what art is.
Shadow of the Colossus- Art in the form of a game
Ico - She same
Okami - Same
Stupid Invaders - Had CGI that could rival Pixar
My video where your autographed book was destroyed for charity - you bet your ass that was a work of art.
I'm sorry to burst your archaic bubble, but over time art evolves - oh wait, I forgot, you don't believe in evolution either. As technology progresses, mediums are adapted to fit into the artistic mold, and video games are no exception.
Once you get a few solo art exhibitions under your belt and you sell a few pieces of art, maybe then you'll have an opinion that actually matters. Until then, kindly STFU and GBTW.
The ancient Greeks also believed in Gods other than the Demon pretender to the throne of Heaven that you worship.
They also believed in Gods that the Demon you worship PRETENDS to be.
And it is also true that Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, just as art it.
The same may be said of what is "good" as well.
And, quite frankly John Bruce, you wouldn't know truth if it were superglued to your corneas.
Be that as it may, "true" has various meanings.
But, should anyone else like to research, there is always this book:
http://books.google.com/books?id=vDdZNwTmEqUC&pg=PP1&ots=swyavAmbKn&dq=%...
That would be found using Google book search ( books.google.com )
And, using Advanced Search for "Art and Its Significance: An Anthology of Aesthetic Theory By Stephen David Ross" Or any part of it that helps.
John Bruce has, of course, latched on to ONE definition that works for his agenda and ignored the rest. Hmmm.... that seems to be a running theme with John Bruce, come to think of it. Ignore the Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing But the Truth, and just take what's useful to his agenda and ignore the rest.
Nightwng2000
NW2K Software
@ The Central Scrutinzer: Ebert lost a lot of weight due to his cancer. He also lost the ability to speak. References to opening his fat trap make no sense.
@Cecil475: Ebert has written many times that his job is to analyze films as literature essentially, not tell you which ones to see. He hopes to provide you enough information to decide this while offerring his opnion. He only does star ratings because the market demands them. Any resentment because you don't agree with some of his opinions is misguided.
@ Half the posters here: Despite all the way you are taking this, Ebert isn't actually hating on games. Did you actually read the article? The idea that he is proud of his screenplay for Beyond the Valley of the Dolls isn't ironic. He specifically disclaims the idea that art must be high art to be any good. He uses Spider-Man 2 (which he gave three and a half stars) as an example. This is more about the definition of art than whether video games have any cultural value. Also, a lot of you need to stop taking your cues from Jack Thompson and learn to disgree with some without calling them names.
That said, I think he gets too hung up on what the majority of games are rather than the extremes of what's been done and what theoretically could be done. He seems to have the idea that games are either bad movies with interactive parts to pad them out (Myst) or emphasize the interactive portions, resulting in something that's too unstructured to carry a definite meaning (the example of Romeo & Juliet performed naked walking on one's hands). While this certainly describes a lot of games, most movies aren't artistically ambitious, either. The truth is, the designer determines which actions you can take and what those actions will result in. THere seems to be plenty of room for artist intent in that structure.
It just pisses me off when people refuse to admit something is art. So many artistic movements went through this same BS. But now they are required learning for many art colleges. People will soon have no choice but to admit that games are art. It may take a little bit of time but it will be done. Art has evolved throughout history and video games are simply another evolution of it.
This argument will fail just as Jack Thompson's argument will. Smother another failure, lay this to rest.
I'm sorry guys but Art+art+art+art= and artistic production. It is art. Game Development is a major at some ART colleges. If games are not art either are novels, illustrations, theatrical performances, film, photography, architexture, sculpture, paintings, dance, or music. I don't mean to burst your bubble but when art was originally meant to entertain people. Is sculptures, paintings, and jewlery were boring to primitive people then they wouldn't have created them. Video games are simply a new form of art. Just because you don't like the certain work of art doesn't mean that it is not art. I personally think Pollock's paintings are terrible. I don't find anything attractive about the way they look or how they were made. But it is art.
Better update your Funk & Wangalls, Jack.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and I find a good amount of games to be beautiful graphic wise or have a beautiful story to experience, thus art to me.